Changing a Single Project Environmental Impact Assessment System China Integrates Environmental Impact Assessment into Macroeconomic Strategic Decision-making
According to the deputy director of the Bureau, Pan Yue, at the forum, China has implemented an environmental assessment system for construction projects for a long time and has played an active role in environmental protection. However, there are certain limitations in terms of evaluation scope, evaluation depth, and industrial links. It is difficult to play an important role in macroeconomic decision-making. In the past when China formulated major economic policies, it lacked the important part of the strategic environmental assessment. As a result, a large area of ​​environmental pollution and ecological damage was caused during the implementation process. When the central and western provinces do their planning for the construction of energy, power, and heavy chemical bases, they have neglected the influence of these heavy polluting industries on the fragile ecological environment. In particular, limited fresh water resources cannot support such a large-scale development activity. Generations are difficult to restore ecological problems. The increase in China's energy and raw material production is much higher than the increase in GDP over the same period. Crude oil consumption accounts for 7.4% of world consumption, raw coal accounts for 31%, iron ore accounts for 30%, and alumina accounts for 25% of GDP. It is only 4% of the world. The average energy consumption per unit of products in the 8 high-energy-consuming industries is 47% higher than the world's advanced level. According to this development model, by 2010, China’s foreign dependence on petroleum, iron ore, copper, and aluminum will reach 60%, 57%, 70%, and 80%, respectively. Therefore, strategic environmental assessment must be strengthened to create institutionalized guarantees for comprehensive decision-making on the environment and development, so that sustainable development strategies can be transformed from macroscopic and abstract concepts to practical actions.
According to the introduction at this forum, regarding the current national conditions in China, the entry point for SEA is in the planning EIA. Compared with the environmental assessment of traditional construction projects, the planning loop has a higher rating and a wider range. Planning EIA is a systematic evaluation of possible environmental issues in the implementation of strategies and plans. It also embodies the evaluation conclusions in the final decisions and improves the quality of strategic decisions. At this stage, our country is mainly responsible for the environmental impact evaluation of construction projects and the development plan. In the future, we will also conduct environmental impact assessments on policies that affect development and have a key role in development.
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