Mechanized Organic Dry Farming Technology Introduction
Mechanized organic dry farming for corn is a specialized technique designed for semi-arid and semi-humid regions where water availability is limited, and the land is typically dry, infertile, and rain-dependent. This method integrates a series of mechanized processes such as deep plowing, straw incorporation, field compaction, and precision sowing. It also involves the use of both organic and inorganic fertilizers to optimize the use of natural rainfall, thereby supporting corn production under dry conditions and improving yield and income over time. After years of research and practical application, this technology has proven effective in increasing productivity and ensuring stable yields in most northern corn-growing areas. It is particularly suitable for regions with an average annual temperature of 8°C or higher, where a full growing season is available, and where corn straw is not commonly used as feed or fuel.
Technology System:
**Mechanized Deep Tillage:** Using large or medium-sized tractors, farmers perform deep plowing once a year after harvest, reaching a depth of 25 cm. This increases the thickness of the living soil layer from 10–13 cm to 25 cm or more, effectively creating a "soil reservoir" that captures and stores rainwater. This helps make better use of spring and autumn rains, addressing the mismatch between precipitation and crop water needs.
**Direct Straw Incorporation:** After harvest, the corn straw is crushed on-site using a combine harvester or a straw mill. The high moisture content at this stage makes it easier to decompose. When incorporated into the soil, it significantly boosts organic matter, enhances soil fertility, and improves water retention and nutrient-holding capacity.
**Mechanical Compaction:** Based on soil moisture levels before and after sowing, an adjustable roller is used to apply moderate pressure. This helps move water from deeper layers to the surface, promoting better germination and stronger seedlings. According to Li Yuren’s research, pre-sowing compaction can achieve an optimal soil density (bulk weight between 1.10 and 1.19) in loose soil (density 0.86–0.99), reducing the dry soil layer from 3–5 cm to 1–2 cm. Within one day of sowing, the moisture content in the top 10 cm and 10–20 cm layers increased from 9.9% and 15.0% to 11.7% and 15.5%, respectively, leading to earlier emergence and improved germination rates.
**Mechanized Sowing:** Precision sowing ensures uniform plant spacing, reduces sowing time, and improves field uniformity, which is essential for achieving high and stable yields.
**Additional Supporting Practices:** In colder or high-altitude areas, farmers may need to add mulch film coverage to retain moisture, along with additional fertilizer—typically 30–40 kg of ammonium nitrate or 15–25 kg of urea per acre. After soil preparation and fertilization, planting is done in furrows, pits, or raised beds. The furrow width is about 33 cm, with a trapezoidal cross-section. The base of the furrow is 33 cm wide, while the top is 17–20 cm, and the height is 14–17 cm. Corn is planted in the furrow, while green manure is grown on the ridges.
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