Domestic sewage treatment equipment status and improvement measures
From 1991 to 2000, the secondary treatment capacity of urban sewage in China surged from 1.935 million tons per day to 27,534,000 tons, an increase of more than 14 times. The urban sewage treatment business in China has experienced unprecedented development and has initially stopped the serious pollution of China's water environment. However, behind this achievement, there is an indisputable fact: 90% of the large number of sewage treatment plants constructed during the same period are imported equipment. This has to allow the people to deplore the loss of major domestic business opportunities for sewage treatment equipment.
From 2000 to 2010, it is estimated that the biochemical treatment capacity of urban sewage in China will increase from 27.734 million tons per day to 63.695 million tons, and the processing capacity will double, and the total amount of sewage treatment will increase more than the sum of the previous decade. This shows that there are many opportunities for the development of domestic sewage treatment equipment in the future. This requires us to draw lessons from the past ten years and take measures to allow the domestic sewage treatment equipment manufacturing industry to grow rapidly.
First, the development status of domestic sewage treatment equipment The production of domestic sewage treatment equipment began in the middle and late 1970s, when the product standardization, complete set, serialization level is very low, less stereotyped products. Since the beginning of the 1990s, the relevant state departments have successively carried out technological transformations on major sewage treatment equipment manufacturing companies, which have increased the manufacturing capacity and manufacturing level. The production facilities for the municipal sewage treatment equipment and the general equipment that it is supporting have both Greatly improved.
At present, all or major equipment for daily treatment of 5, 10, 25, and 50 tons of municipal wastewater treatment plants can be domestically produced. Among them, domestically produced microporous aerators, high-intensity aerators, belt filter presses, various types of grid decontamination machines, scrapers, sand scrapers, aeration rotary brushes, aeration blowers, and large sewage pumps Submersible pumps, etc. have basically been able to adapt to the needs of the domestic market, as well as some product exports.
In terms of product design, domestically produced equipment such as sewage sludge lifting systems, mechanical filtration and sedimentation systems, aeration treatment systems, and sludge dewatering systems, ranging from 50,000 tons to 500,000 tons per day, is equivalent to the international 1980s Level and can provide complete sets of equipment. However, in terms of biogas power generation systems, on-line monitoring systems, etc., domestic equipment still has a large gap compared with developed countries. In the field of some of the latest international technological equipment of the 1990s, there are still gaps to be filled.
In terms of product level, the blower, pump, and other products that consume more energy, the efficiency of stand-alone equipment has approached the level of the international 1980s. The overall level of complete sets of products is equivalent to the international level in the 1970s and 1980s.
Second, the development status of developed countries' wastewater treatment equipment The wastewater treatment equipment of developed countries has reached a high degree of modernization, with the following characteristics: First, the urban sewage and industrial wastewater treatment equipment has achieved standardization, stereotypes, serialization and complete sets, has constituted a category Complete and highly commercialized water treatment equipment industry. Second, water treatment unit equipment, such as sedimentation, filtration, extraction, adsorption, microfiltration, electrodialysis, etc., has been formed on a professional scale production. The varieties, specifications, and quality are relatively stable, and the performance parameters are reliable. The user selection is very convenient. Third, the development of large-scale urban sewage equipment, industrial wastewater treatment equipment with the maturity of the process tends to be specialized, complete sets. Fourth, general-purpose equipment such as fans, pumps, and valves, which are matched with water treatment, have been gradually realized with specialized designs and organized production to meet special needs. Fifth, there is a considerable degree of development in terms of water resources, water eutrophication, and drinking water safety, leading to advanced wastewater treatment equipment and disinfection equipment. Sixth, anaerobic treatment technology has re-emphasized the importance of anaerobic treatment equipment in the treatment of high-concentration organic wastewater.
III. Problems and Causes of Domestic Sewage Disposal Equipment (1) Problems with Domestic Equipment At present, there is a big gap between domestic sewage treatment equipment and developed countries. The main issues are the following:
First, the contradiction between production and demand is outstanding. The comprehensive production capacity of sewage treatment equipment in China is far from meeting domestic demand.
The second is that the varieties are backward, with few varieties and weak development capabilities. In many products, the proportion of general mechanical products and primary products is significant, and there are fewer integrated or modern equipments for machines, electricity, and instruments, or they are in the initial stage. Except for large environmental protection backbone enterprises, most companies lack the self-development capabilities of new products.
The third is poor product quality and low technical level. 35% to 40% of the products are equivalent to international levels in the 1960s and 1970s. Of the current domestic sewage treatment equipment, about one-fifth is restricted production or time-limited phase-out products, and about two-fifths are products that need improvement.
Fourth, the export of products is not stable. Although there are exports of domestic sewage treatment equipment, but in general terms, the technical content of export equipment is not high, the type of export, variety and region is narrow, and it is not competitive in the international market.
Fifth, the overall efficiency of related companies is generally low. With the exception of a few companies, most of the wastewater treatment equipment manufacturers have poor economic returns.
Sixth, the equipment package and engineering contracting ability are weak. There are few companies that can undertake the contracting of wastewater treatment projects and complete sets of equipment. Most of the companies focus their efforts on the field of development and manufacturing of finished products that they are more adaptable to, and engage in single-machine production and sales, so that domestic sewage treatment capacity and project total contracting capacity Weaker.
Seventh, operation training, after-sales service and other work need to be strengthened.
(b) The cause of the problem The causes of the above problems are manifold. The first is the lack of attention and support for this emerging industry. Although the proportion of national investment in environmental construction in the GNP is close to that of developed countries, the cost of infrastructure used in environmental protection industries is out of proportion to the investment in environmental construction. Taking the “Eighth Five-Year Plan†and “Ninth Five-Year Plan†as examples, the investment for technology transformation of environmental protection equipment manufacturing companies only accounts for more than 1% of the investment in environmental construction. Second, the orientation of the national policy is to use foreign capital to import a large amount of equipment, so that the domestic equipment will lose the market and equal opportunities for competition. About 90% of the sewage treatment plants built in the past 10 years are imported by foreign capital, which consumes a large amount of national financial resources (imported equipment is 4 to 6 times the cost of domestic equipment) and precious foreign exchange, which severely restricts domestic equipment. The development and market competition. Third, as with the entire environmental protection equipment market, the sales order of the sewage treatment equipment market is chaotic, and departmental and local protectionism have made the national market, which is healthy, fair, unified, and in line with market competition, be stunted. As a result, products with high quality and low prices have created opportunities. However, companies with real standards and strength have been excluded. Fourth, the development of domestic sewage treatment equipment industry depends on the development of urban sewage treatment. Due to large funding gaps and insufficient investment, some users have long been in arrears in equipment loans, arbitrarily lower prices for domestically produced equipment, and equipment maintenance management can not keep up with the existing problems, which restricts the development of the domestic sewage treatment equipment manufacturing industry.
Fourth, the realization of domestic sewage treatment equipment modernization measures First, as soon as possible to determine the national sewage treatment equipment application project, the state to give users preferential policies to encourage the use of domestic equipment.
Second, we must focus on supporting a number of engineering contractors and equipment manufacturers that have strong competitiveness. According to the opinions of relevant departments and experts, the key enterprises supported by the State are identified after screening, and a joint-stock enterprise group is set up, which mainly consists of urban sewage treatment equipment, and integrates equipment development, manufacturing, complete equipment and project contracting. Please ask the state for support.
Third, enterprises should be given technology to renovate interest-subsidized loans and increase the intensity of technological transformation of key enterprises. Technical renovation should use numerical control, precision, high-efficiency, special-purpose and automation technology and equipment as far as possible. For weak links in the production process and key components of the product, special attention should be paid to the use of advanced and applicable gate equipment and test methods, and key components that need to be introduced. Give import preferential policies.
Fourth, we must increase efforts to support domestic technology and technology research and development.
Fifth, we must introduce technology to speed up the pace of development. To change the practice of simply introducing equipment in the use of foreign capital projects and properly introduce some key equipment manufacturing technologies, which will be digested by domestic companies to speed up the development.
Sixth, special credit for domestic equipment needs to be provided for the sewage treatment project. With state financial support, policy-free banks provide interest-free loans, which are used exclusively for the procurement of wastewater treatment plants, and cities (users) repay loan principal and interest year after year with the collected wastewater treatment fees.
Seventh, we must establish a working group for the development of sewage treatment equipment, establish a standardized domestic sewage treatment equipment or complete sets of domestic bidding system, inhibit local protectionism and coordinate related work.
Eighth, we must adjust the relevant policies for the use of foreign capital. The market is the key to guide enterprises to increase investment in the development of urban sewage treatment equipment. Only by correspondingly adjusting the foreign investment policy can we fundamentally cultivate and develop the domestic equipment market. It is recommended that at the same time as appropriate use of foreign capital, a certain percentage of domestic and foreign cooperative manufacturing or domestically produced equipment be stipulated.
From 2000 to 2010, it is estimated that the biochemical treatment capacity of urban sewage in China will increase from 27.734 million tons per day to 63.695 million tons, and the processing capacity will double, and the total amount of sewage treatment will increase more than the sum of the previous decade. This shows that there are many opportunities for the development of domestic sewage treatment equipment in the future. This requires us to draw lessons from the past ten years and take measures to allow the domestic sewage treatment equipment manufacturing industry to grow rapidly.
First, the development status of domestic sewage treatment equipment The production of domestic sewage treatment equipment began in the middle and late 1970s, when the product standardization, complete set, serialization level is very low, less stereotyped products. Since the beginning of the 1990s, the relevant state departments have successively carried out technological transformations on major sewage treatment equipment manufacturing companies, which have increased the manufacturing capacity and manufacturing level. The production facilities for the municipal sewage treatment equipment and the general equipment that it is supporting have both Greatly improved.
At present, all or major equipment for daily treatment of 5, 10, 25, and 50 tons of municipal wastewater treatment plants can be domestically produced. Among them, domestically produced microporous aerators, high-intensity aerators, belt filter presses, various types of grid decontamination machines, scrapers, sand scrapers, aeration rotary brushes, aeration blowers, and large sewage pumps Submersible pumps, etc. have basically been able to adapt to the needs of the domestic market, as well as some product exports.
In terms of product design, domestically produced equipment such as sewage sludge lifting systems, mechanical filtration and sedimentation systems, aeration treatment systems, and sludge dewatering systems, ranging from 50,000 tons to 500,000 tons per day, is equivalent to the international 1980s Level and can provide complete sets of equipment. However, in terms of biogas power generation systems, on-line monitoring systems, etc., domestic equipment still has a large gap compared with developed countries. In the field of some of the latest international technological equipment of the 1990s, there are still gaps to be filled.
In terms of product level, the blower, pump, and other products that consume more energy, the efficiency of stand-alone equipment has approached the level of the international 1980s. The overall level of complete sets of products is equivalent to the international level in the 1970s and 1980s.
Second, the development status of developed countries' wastewater treatment equipment The wastewater treatment equipment of developed countries has reached a high degree of modernization, with the following characteristics: First, the urban sewage and industrial wastewater treatment equipment has achieved standardization, stereotypes, serialization and complete sets, has constituted a category Complete and highly commercialized water treatment equipment industry. Second, water treatment unit equipment, such as sedimentation, filtration, extraction, adsorption, microfiltration, electrodialysis, etc., has been formed on a professional scale production. The varieties, specifications, and quality are relatively stable, and the performance parameters are reliable. The user selection is very convenient. Third, the development of large-scale urban sewage equipment, industrial wastewater treatment equipment with the maturity of the process tends to be specialized, complete sets. Fourth, general-purpose equipment such as fans, pumps, and valves, which are matched with water treatment, have been gradually realized with specialized designs and organized production to meet special needs. Fifth, there is a considerable degree of development in terms of water resources, water eutrophication, and drinking water safety, leading to advanced wastewater treatment equipment and disinfection equipment. Sixth, anaerobic treatment technology has re-emphasized the importance of anaerobic treatment equipment in the treatment of high-concentration organic wastewater.
III. Problems and Causes of Domestic Sewage Disposal Equipment (1) Problems with Domestic Equipment At present, there is a big gap between domestic sewage treatment equipment and developed countries. The main issues are the following:
First, the contradiction between production and demand is outstanding. The comprehensive production capacity of sewage treatment equipment in China is far from meeting domestic demand.
The second is that the varieties are backward, with few varieties and weak development capabilities. In many products, the proportion of general mechanical products and primary products is significant, and there are fewer integrated or modern equipments for machines, electricity, and instruments, or they are in the initial stage. Except for large environmental protection backbone enterprises, most companies lack the self-development capabilities of new products.
The third is poor product quality and low technical level. 35% to 40% of the products are equivalent to international levels in the 1960s and 1970s. Of the current domestic sewage treatment equipment, about one-fifth is restricted production or time-limited phase-out products, and about two-fifths are products that need improvement.
Fourth, the export of products is not stable. Although there are exports of domestic sewage treatment equipment, but in general terms, the technical content of export equipment is not high, the type of export, variety and region is narrow, and it is not competitive in the international market.
Fifth, the overall efficiency of related companies is generally low. With the exception of a few companies, most of the wastewater treatment equipment manufacturers have poor economic returns.
Sixth, the equipment package and engineering contracting ability are weak. There are few companies that can undertake the contracting of wastewater treatment projects and complete sets of equipment. Most of the companies focus their efforts on the field of development and manufacturing of finished products that they are more adaptable to, and engage in single-machine production and sales, so that domestic sewage treatment capacity and project total contracting capacity Weaker.
Seventh, operation training, after-sales service and other work need to be strengthened.
(b) The cause of the problem The causes of the above problems are manifold. The first is the lack of attention and support for this emerging industry. Although the proportion of national investment in environmental construction in the GNP is close to that of developed countries, the cost of infrastructure used in environmental protection industries is out of proportion to the investment in environmental construction. Taking the “Eighth Five-Year Plan†and “Ninth Five-Year Plan†as examples, the investment for technology transformation of environmental protection equipment manufacturing companies only accounts for more than 1% of the investment in environmental construction. Second, the orientation of the national policy is to use foreign capital to import a large amount of equipment, so that the domestic equipment will lose the market and equal opportunities for competition. About 90% of the sewage treatment plants built in the past 10 years are imported by foreign capital, which consumes a large amount of national financial resources (imported equipment is 4 to 6 times the cost of domestic equipment) and precious foreign exchange, which severely restricts domestic equipment. The development and market competition. Third, as with the entire environmental protection equipment market, the sales order of the sewage treatment equipment market is chaotic, and departmental and local protectionism have made the national market, which is healthy, fair, unified, and in line with market competition, be stunted. As a result, products with high quality and low prices have created opportunities. However, companies with real standards and strength have been excluded. Fourth, the development of domestic sewage treatment equipment industry depends on the development of urban sewage treatment. Due to large funding gaps and insufficient investment, some users have long been in arrears in equipment loans, arbitrarily lower prices for domestically produced equipment, and equipment maintenance management can not keep up with the existing problems, which restricts the development of the domestic sewage treatment equipment manufacturing industry.
Fourth, the realization of domestic sewage treatment equipment modernization measures First, as soon as possible to determine the national sewage treatment equipment application project, the state to give users preferential policies to encourage the use of domestic equipment.
Second, we must focus on supporting a number of engineering contractors and equipment manufacturers that have strong competitiveness. According to the opinions of relevant departments and experts, the key enterprises supported by the State are identified after screening, and a joint-stock enterprise group is set up, which mainly consists of urban sewage treatment equipment, and integrates equipment development, manufacturing, complete equipment and project contracting. Please ask the state for support.
Third, enterprises should be given technology to renovate interest-subsidized loans and increase the intensity of technological transformation of key enterprises. Technical renovation should use numerical control, precision, high-efficiency, special-purpose and automation technology and equipment as far as possible. For weak links in the production process and key components of the product, special attention should be paid to the use of advanced and applicable gate equipment and test methods, and key components that need to be introduced. Give import preferential policies.
Fourth, we must increase efforts to support domestic technology and technology research and development.
Fifth, we must introduce technology to speed up the pace of development. To change the practice of simply introducing equipment in the use of foreign capital projects and properly introduce some key equipment manufacturing technologies, which will be digested by domestic companies to speed up the development.
Sixth, special credit for domestic equipment needs to be provided for the sewage treatment project. With state financial support, policy-free banks provide interest-free loans, which are used exclusively for the procurement of wastewater treatment plants, and cities (users) repay loan principal and interest year after year with the collected wastewater treatment fees.
Seventh, we must establish a working group for the development of sewage treatment equipment, establish a standardized domestic sewage treatment equipment or complete sets of domestic bidding system, inhibit local protectionism and coordinate related work.
Eighth, we must adjust the relevant policies for the use of foreign capital. The market is the key to guide enterprises to increase investment in the development of urban sewage treatment equipment. Only by correspondingly adjusting the foreign investment policy can we fundamentally cultivate and develop the domestic equipment market. It is recommended that at the same time as appropriate use of foreign capital, a certain percentage of domestic and foreign cooperative manufacturing or domestically produced equipment be stipulated.
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