Copper water potential-pH diagram and its application
Copper ore heap leaching is not only a long history and a large scale heap leach materials used, unlike the gold mine that is limited to oxide ores. Today, a large number of copper ore heaps are mixed minerals, mainly sulfide ore. From the perspective of the process of metallurgy, copper ore is generally classified into oxidized ore (such as black copper ore, chrysocolla, malachite, azurite, etc.), natural copper and secondary sulfide ore (such as copper ore, copper blue). Etc.), primary sulfide ore (such as chalcopyrite, sulfur- arsenic copper ore, beryllium copper, arsenic antimony ore, etc.). For heap leaching of copper oxide ore, only dilute sulfuric acid solution is used as the leaching solution; for heap leaching of natural copper and secondary sulphide ore, acidic leaching agent must be used under oxidizing conditions; for primary copper sulphide ore, Must be stronger oxidant or under strong oxidizing conditions. It should be noted that the time required for heap leaching of copper sulphide ore is quite long.
Historically been replaced with iron scrap heap leaching of leachate into the sponge copper Cu + (some companies are still in use); Today, many enterprises to adopt high iron salt as secondary copper sulfide heap leaching oxidant. Figure 1 is a potential-pH diagram of a copper-iron water system.
Figure 1 Cu, Fe-H 2 O system potential-pH diagram
The reaction formula and thermodynamic formula of each relevant line in the figure are as follows:
E=0.271-0.0591pH
Fe(OH) 2 +2H + +2e Fe(OH) 2 +2H 2 O
E=0.047-0.0591pH
From Figure 1, we can draw the following conclusions:
1. Lines 1 to 5 in Figure 1 constitute the potential-pH diagram of the Cu-H 2 O system, line 6 ~ The Fe-H 2 O system potential-pH diagram is constructed.
2. As seen from line 7 in the figure, Fe 3 + is a good oxidant for low-cost copper; as seen from line 10, Cu 2 + in the iron reduction solution is metallic copper.
Third, high-priced copper minerals, such as CuO, malachite, chrysocolla, etc., only need a very dilute acidic solution to leaching, the line 1 in the figure fully illustrates this point.
Fourth, comparing the lines 1 and 6 in the figure, it can be seen that the heap leaching copper ore, in the presence of oxidant, controls the pH of the leaching solution to achieve selective leaching of copper, while leaving iron in the ore heap.
Vegetable cleaning and processing line:
1. Roots and stems: Vegetables are cleaned, peeled, cut, and loaded by a hair roller cleaning machine, and then enter the bubble cleaning machine for cleaning, then enter the blanching machine for sterilization and color protection, then enter the cooler for material cooling, and after cooling, enter the air dryer to remove water. 18 fans are used to effectively remove the moisture on the surface of the material. After air drying, it is selected and the unqualified materials are selected and finally packaged.2. Leafy vegetables: Vegetables are roughly washed by a bubble cleaning machine, mainly to remove the surface and internal silt, and then enter the secondary cleaning to remove the material residue, after cleaning, enter the air dryer to drain, and finally package.
Vegetable washing and blanching line
Main purpose: It is mainly used for sterilization and color protection of materials, which can effectively kill the materials and maintain the color of the surface of the materials. The temperature can be automatically adjusted within 98 degrees, with beautiful appearance and high degree of automation. It is an indispensable product for vegetable processing and pre-drying.
Vegetable cutting processing line
Main use: Mainly used for roots and stems cleaning and processing and pre-drying treatment. After cutting, all kinds of materials go through the production line of cleaning, cutting, disinfection, sterilization, air-drying and other processes, reaching the clean vegetable standard, and finally entering the mesh belt drying The dryer can be designed and customized according to customer requirements.
Vegetable blanching cooling line
Main purpose: It is mainly used for sterilization and color protection of materials, which can effectively kill the materials and maintain the color of the surface of the materials. The temperature can be automatically adjusted within 98 degrees, with beautiful appearance and high degree of automation. It is an indispensable product for vegetable processing and pre-drying. After blanching, enter the cooler to quickly cool down, protect the color of the material, reduce material damage, and make later packaging easier.
Vegetable cleaning and selection production line
Main purpose: The cleaning and selection line is to process the newly picked vegetables after finishing (such as removing the inedible parts, peeling, removing impurities, etc.), washing, disinfection and other processing operations, and then vacuum packaging in a sterile environment to make finished products Fully automatic pipeline operation. Most of the operation techniques completely replace manual processing and are the most powerful assistant in food processing.
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